Despite the fact that the four -sided roof is more difficult to arrange than a gable, most owners of private houses prefer this particular type of roof. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, such a roof looks very impressive, and secondly, it makes it possible to arrange an additional dwelling without the construction of capital walls.
Drawing and varieties
Collect trapezes, calculate the angles of inclination
There are several varieties of roofs with four slopes. These are such types of roofs as:
Holm;
semi -vapor;
Sertone.
The most popular of these roofs, consisting of two triangles and two trapezes of equal size (the same figures are against each other), is called Valmova. One of the options for such a roof, in which the trapezoid sides are longer than the triangular, is called Dutch or semi -vapor. The tent roof is called if the house has the shape of a square and, therefore, all four slopes of this design are an isosceles triangles. In houses with complex geometry, which have the shape of the letters “P” or “G”, a complex structure with four slopes is formed.
How to determine how a roof of this type should be arranged? In fact, everything is not so simple. When choosing the type of roof, you need to take into account many different factors. Among them are such as: the number of winds and the general climatic conditions of the region, the absence or presence of an attic, the choice of coating for the roof and others. The angle of inclination of the roof is another important point, since it largely affects the choice of coating for the roof.
If the angle is small and the roof is almost flat, it is best to choose roller materials. In the event that the slopes are planned very steep, you need to dwell on leafy – such as metal tiles, ondulin and so on. Therefore, in order not to make mistakes in the construction process, we advise you to contact a professional architectural bureau, whose specialists will create a project perfect for your conditions.
This type of roof is much more advantages than disadvantages. Actually, the second one can only be attributed to the complexity of design and installation. Such a roof is durable, aesthetically attractive, helps to maintain heat in the house and has low sailing.
Square and other calculations
Initial stages and independent construction
So, first you need to calculate the area of the entire roof and find out how much roofing material will be needed. If you do not have a project on your hands, you will need to draw a diagram of the future roof in accordance with the real size of the “box” of the house. To do this, it is necessary to make measurements of the construction and take into account the desired roof height. If you are dealing with a house with complex geometry, then first you should draw a plan, and then put it into separate squares and trapezes.
Suppose there is a house size 9×12 m. Do not forget that the roof should have cornice overhangs, so the length of the lower sides of the slopes will be greater than the length of the walls of the house. Therefore, in our calculations, we will increase these indicators by half a meter from each side. Accordingly, they will amount to 10 (from the side of the triangles) and 13 m (from the trapezoid). Suppose that the length of the ridge beam is 5 m – this will be the size of the second base of the trapezoid. Let the height of our trapezoid be 4 m. So, we find out its area: we add up the lengths of the base – 13 and 5 m, divide by 2 and multiply by height. As a result, we get 31 m2 – the area of one of the trapezoids. Since in our calculations the cosine of inclination is important – for example, it is 0.87 (from 30 °), then we multiply the resulting area by this number and round. As a result, we get 26 m2.
Now we find out the area of the triangular side. Suppose its height will be 5 m. Therefore, the area will be 25 m2 (we multiply the length of the base by height and divide by 2). We multiply by the same cosine 30 ° and we get approximately 22 m2. Thus, the area will be 26*2+22*2, that is, 96 m2. To this number it is necessary to add about 10% of the marriage reserve.
We also need to find out the height of the rifles or, in other words, the length of the side sides of the triangle and, accordingly, trapezoid. To do this, we will use the Pythagorean theorem. The height of our isosceles triangle divides it into 2 rectangular. Thus, we know the length of two legs – 5 and 5 m (half of the length of the isosceles triangle). Following the theorem, we build each side in a square, fold the obtained values and calculate the square root from this number. In this case, it will be approximately 7.1 m – this is what will be the length of the tac rafters. Based on this size and knowing the step to the central intermediate rafter, you can find out its length, using the same Pythagorean theorem. The length of the rest of the rafters can be calculated according to special tables available on the Internet.
How the rafter system of a four -skeet roof is mounted?
All wooden elements must be treated with antiseptics and anti -pires.
First of all, it is necessary to lay along the entire perimeter of the “box” at home Mauerlat – a supporting beam on which the entire roof structure will stay. To create the supports, select a beam with a cross section of at least 12×12 cm, the humidity of which does not exceed 15%. It is attached to the house with the help of galvanized studs, in advance in the walls.
In the event that the house is built of blocks, bricks or other “typesetting” materials, waterproofing is laid between the Mauerlat and the walls, which prevents the capillary pumping of moisture.
After that, under the place where the skate will be placed, the head is mounted – the support beam, on which the support for it will be fixed. Make a lying, as a rule, from the same beam as Mauerlat. Then the racks on which the ends and the middle of the ridge beam will be based on the lyjna are strengthened. It should stand strictly vertically, otherwise the geometry of the entire roof will be broken. For stability, it is fixed with struts. Then the diagonal rafters are installed at all corners of the roof, which are rigidly fixed on the Mauerlat and the run of the skate. It is not recommended to use the method for connecting the elements, since this can weaken the design – it is better to think over the fastener system.
After that, the intermediate central rafters are installed – two of each clock “Rapilina”, which must converge at the point of their fastening. Then the remaining intermediate rafters are installed, fixed either on the skating beam, or on their diagonal “brothers”. At the end of the work, the intermediate rafters converging at one point are fastened with crossbars, which are mounted at a distance about a meter from it.
Roof device – we complete the work
Now you can proceed to insulation and flooring of roofing material. As we have already said, the choice of roofing “flooring” is carried out on the basis of many factors. In any case, under it you need to mount a crate from cut -off boards with a size of 25×100 or 25×150 mm, which is nailed on top of the waterproofing film. Then the selected coating is laid. At the same time, if rolled materials or bitumen tiles are used for the roof, OSP sheets or moisture resistant plywood are mounted on the crate.
Today, four -skeet roofs are in the wake of popularity. In addition, following the desire for environmental friendliness, some owners of the houses cover the roofs with four slopes of reeds. This coating looks very impressive and reliably protects the house from cold weather. However, independent installation of such a roof is unacceptable, since its technology is very complex and requires special knowledge.